Experimental Evidence Research Articles

Fluorophilic Sigma(σ)-Lock Self-Healable Copolymers.

Although F-containing molecules and macromolecules are often used in molecular biology to increase the binding with Lewis acidic groups by introducing favorable C-F dipoles, there is virtually no experimental evidence and limited understanding of the nature of these interactions, especially their role in synthetic polymeric materials. These studies elucidate the molecular origin of inter- and intra-chain interactions responsible for self-healing of F-containing copolymers composed of pentafluorostyrene and n-butyl acrylate units (p(PFS/nBA). Guided by dynamic surface oscillating force (SOF) and spectroscopic measurements supported by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, these studies show that the reformation ofσ-σorbitals in -C-F of PFS and CH3CH2- of nBA units enables the recovery of entropic energy viaflouorophilic-σ-lockvan der Waals forces when PFS/nBA molar ratios are ~50/50. The strength of these interactions determined experimentally for self-healable PFS/nBA compositions is in the order ~0.3 kcal/mol which primarily comes fromflouorophilic-σ-lock(~70%) contributions. These interactions are significantly diminished for non-self-healable counterparts. Strongly polarized -C-Fσorbitals create lateral dipolar forces enhancing the affinity towards -C-H orbitals, facilitating energetically favorable interactions. Entropic recovery driven by non-covalent bonding offers a valuable tool in designing materials with unique functionalities, particularly self-healable batteries or otherenergy storage devices.

Mitonuclear interactions impact aerobic metabolism in hybrids and may explain mitonuclear discordance in young, naturally hybridizing bird lineages.

Understanding genetic incompatibilities and genetic introgression between incipient species are major goals in evolutionary biology. Mitochondrial genes evolve rapidly and exist in dense gene networks with coevolved nuclear genes, suggesting that mitochondrial respiration may be particularly susceptible to disruption in hybrid organisms. Mitonuclear interactions have been demonstrated to contribute to hybrid dysfunction between deeply divergent taxa crossed in the laboratory, but there are few empirical examples of mitonuclear interactions between younger lineages that naturally hybridize. Here, we use controlled hybrid crosses and high-resolution respirometry to provide the first experimental evidence in a bird that inter-lineage mitonuclear interactions impact mitochondrial aerobic metabolism. Specifically, respiration capacity of the two mitodiscordant backcrosses (with mismatched mitonuclear combinations) differs from one another, although they do not differ significantly from the parental groups or mitoconcordant backcrosses as we would expect of mitonuclear disruptions. In the wild hybrid zone between these subspecies, the mitochondrial cline centre is shifted west of the nuclear cline centre, which is consistent with the direction of our experimental results. Our results therefore demonstrate asymmetric mitonuclear interactions that impact the capacity of cellular mitochondrial respiration and may help to explain the geographic discordance between mitochondrial and nuclear genomes observed in the wild.

Dynamic Leadership Tools Supporting Psychological Needs Satisfaction in Public Organizations: Experimental Evidence

Public leadership is increasingly conducted through digital information technology, and dynamic leadership tools are offered as alternatives to static tools. As a first test of dynamic leadership tools in public leadership, this study focuses on leadership tools for visionary leadership. The study examines whether the positive effect on employee needs satisfaction of dynamic leadership tools based on persuasive information technology is stronger than for static leadership tools. The study involves a field experiment on leadership training combined with leadership tools and shows that dynamic tools indeed have a stronger impact than static tools on satisfying employee needs for meaning and employee perception of prosocial impact. This research contributes to the understanding of how information technology can be harnessed to support public leadership and highlights the potential benefits of dynamic leadership tools in supporting beneficial employee outcomes.

Mutational dissection of a hole hopping route in a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO)

Oxidoreductases have evolved tyrosine/tryptophan pathways that channel highly oxidizing holes away from the active site to avoid damage. Here we dissect such a pathway in a bacterial LPMO, member of a widespread family of C-H bond activating enzymes with outstanding industrial potential. We show that a strictly conserved tryptophan is critical for radical formation and hole transference and that holes traverse the protein to reach a tyrosine-histidine pair in the protein’s surface. Real-time monitoring of radical formation reveals a clear correlation between the efficiency of hole transference and enzyme performance under oxidative stress. Residues involved in this pathway vary considerably between natural LPMOs, which could reflect adaptation to different ecological niches. Importantly, we show that enzyme activity is increased in a variant with slower radical transference, providing experimental evidence for a previously postulated trade-off between activity and redox robustness.

Dimerization of Fe(III) Ion in an Aqueous Medium: Mechanistic Modelling and Effects of Ligands.

Aqueous iron solutions generally undergo spontaneous hydrolysis followed by aggregation resulting in the precipitation of nanocrystalline oxyhydroxide minerals. The mechanism of nucleation of such multinuclear oxyhydroxide clusters are unclear due to limited experimental evidence. Here, we investigate the mechanistic pathway of dimerization of Fe(III) ions using density functional theory (DFT) in aqueous medium considering effects of other ligands. Two hydrolyzed monomeric Fe(III) ions in aqueous medium may react to form two closely related binuclear products, the m-oxo and the dihydroxo Fe2 dimer. Our studies indicate that the water molecules in the second coordination sphere and those co-ordinated to the Fe(III) ion, both participate in the dimerization process. The proposed mechanism effectively explains the formation of dihydroxo and μ-oxo Fe2 dimers with interconversion possibilities, for the first time. Results show, with only water molecules present in the second co-ordination sphere, dihydroxo Fe2 dimer is the thermodynamically and kinetically favored product with a low activation free energy. We calculated the step-wise reaction free energies of dimerization in the presence of nitrate ions in the first and second coordination sphere of Fe(III) ion separately, which shows that with nitrate ions in the second co-ordination sphere, the μ-oxo Fe2 dimer formation iskinetically favored.

Beneficial Effects of Echinacoside on Cognitive Impairment and Diabetes in Type 2 Diabetic db/db Mice.

Cognitive dysfunction is an important comorbidity of diabetes. Insulin resistance may play a critical role in diabetes-related cognitive impairment. Echinacoside (ECH), a natural phenylethanoid glycoside, is the active component of anti-diabetes prescriptions in traditional Chinese medicine. Its effect on modulating insulin resistance has been confirmed but modulating neurodegenerative disease remains unclear. Db/db mice, a spontaneous type 2 diabetes mode, were intragastrically administered ECH by 300 mg/kg or an equivalent volume of saline. Weight, blood glucose, and insulin resistance index were measured. Morris water maze test was performed to observe the compound effects on cognition. Hippocampal lesions were observed by histochemical analysis. In db/db mice, ECH alleviated diabetes symptoms, memory loss, and hippocampal neuronal damage. Next, the expression of CD44 and phosphorylated tau was upregulated in diabetic mice. In addition, the insulin receptor substrate-1/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase /protein kinase B signaling pathway was dysregulated in diabetic mice. All these dysregulations could be reversed by ECH. This study provides theoretical support and experimental evidence for the future application of ECH in diabetic cognition dysfunction treatment, promoting the development of traditional medicines.

Existence of density inhomogeneity of liquid Te associated with liquid-liquid phase transition.

We performed small-angle X-ray scattering measurements of liquid Te using a synchrotron radiation facility and observed maximum scattering intensity near 620 K in the supercooled region (melting temperature 723 K). This indicates that density inhomogeneity exists in liquid Te, and the fact that this temperature coincides with the temperature at which the specific heat, sound velocity, and thermal expansion coefficient reach their maxima means that this density inhomogeneity is the cause of these thermodynamic anomalies. The thermodynamic anomalies in liquid Te had already been shown in the 1980s to be comprehensively explained by the inhomogeneity associated with the continuous liquid-liquid phase transition (LLT), but direct experimental evidence for the existence of the inhomogeneity had not been obtained. The present results, together with those already obtained for mixture systems (Te-Se, Te-Ge), indicate the existence of inhomogeneity associated with LLT in liquid Te systems, and strongly support the model. Recently, similarmaximum scattering intensity has also been observed in supercooled liquid water, which exhibits thermodynamic anomalies similar to those of Te, indicating the universality of the inhomogeneous model or LLT scenario to explain the thermodynamics of such "anomalous liquids". Further development of the LLT scenario is expected in near future.&#xD.

Enhancing Global Blockchain Privacy via a Digital Mutual Trust Mechanism

Blockchain technology, initially developed as a decentralized and transparent mechanism for recording transactions, faces significant privacy challenges due to its inherent transparency, exposing sensitive transaction data to all network participants. This study proposes a blockchain privacy protection algorithm that employs a digital mutual trust mechanism integrated with advanced cryptographic techniques to enhance privacy and security in blockchain transactions. The contribution includes the development of a new dynamic Byzantine consensus algorithm within the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance framework, incorporating an authorization mechanism from the reputation model and a proof consensus algorithm for robust digital mutual trust. Additionally, the refinement of homomorphic cryptography using the approximate greatest common divisor technique optimizes the encryption process to support complex operations securely. The integration of a smart contract system facilitates automatic and private transaction execution across the blockchain network. Experimental evidence demonstrates the superior performance of the algorithm in handling privacy requests and transaction receipts with reduced delays and increased accuracy, marking a significant improvement over existing methods.

Darobactin Substrate Engineering and Computation Show Radical Stability Governs Ether versus C-C Bond Formation.

The Gram-negative selective antibiotic darobactin A has attracted interest owing to its intriguing fused bicyclic structure and unique targeting of the outer membrane protein BamA. Darobactin, a ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP), is produced by a radical S-adenosyl methionine (rSAM)-dependent enzyme (DarE) and contains one ether and one C-C cross-link. Herein, we analyze the substrate tolerance of DarE and describe an underlying catalytic principle of the enzyme. These efforts produced 51 enzymatically modified darobactin variants, revealing that DarE can install the ether and C-C cross-links independently and in different locations on the substrate. Notable variants with fused bicyclic structures were characterized, including darobactin W3Y, with a non-Trp residue at the twice-modified central position, and darobactin K5F, which displays a fused diether ring pattern. While lacking antibiotic activity, quantum mechanical modeling of darobactins W3Y and K5F aided in the elucidation of the requisite features for high-affinity BamA engagement. We also provide experimental evidence for β-oxo modification, which adds support for a proposed DarE mechanism. Based on these results, ether and C-C cross-link formation was investigated computationally, and it was determined that more stable and longer-lived aromatic Cβ radicals correlated with ether formation. Further, molecular docking and transition state structures based on high-level quantum mechanical calculations support the different indole connectivity observed for ether (Trp-C7) and C-C (Trp-C6) cross-links. Finally, mutational analysis and protein structural predictions identified substrate residues that govern engagement to DarE. Our work informs on darobactin scaffold engineering and further unveils the underlying principles of rSAM catalysis.

Experimental Evidence for the Role of Dynamics in pH-Dependent Enzymatic Activity.

Enzymatic activity is heavily influenced by pH, but the rationale for the dynamical mechanism of pH-dependent enzymatic activity has not been fully understood. In this work, combined neutron scattering techniques, including quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS), are used to study the structural and dynamic changes of a model enzyme, xylanase, under different pH and temperature environments. The QENS results reveal that xylanase at optimal pH exhibits faster relaxational dynamics and a lower energy barrier between conformational substates. The SANS results demonstrate that pH affects both xylanase's stability and monodispersity. Our findings indicate that enzymes have optimized stability and function under their optimal pH conditions, with both structure and dynamics being affected. The current study offers valuable insights into enzymatic functionality mechanisms, allowing for broad industrial applications.

Tailored Metal-Organic Frameworks for Water Purification: Perfluorinated Fe-MOFs for Enhanced Heterogeneous Catalytic Ozonation.

An industrially viable catalyst for heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (HCO) in water purification requires the characteristics of good dispersion of active species on its surface, efficient electron transfer for ozone decay, and maximum active species utilization. While metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent an attractive platform for HCO, the metal nodes in the unmodified MOFs exhibit low catalytic activity. Herein, we present a perfluorinated Fe-MOF catalyst by substituting H atoms on the metalated ligands with F atoms (termed 4F-MIL-88B) to induce structure evolution. The Lewis acidity of 4F-MIL-88B was enhanced via the formation of Fe nodes, tailoring the electron distribution on the catalyst surface. As a result of catalyst modification, the rate constant for degradation of the target compounds examined increased by ∼700% compared with that observed for the unmodified catalyst. Experimental evidence and theoretical calculations showed that the modulated polarity and the enhanced electron transfer between the catalyst and ozone molecules contributed to the adsorption and transformation of O3 to •OH on the catalyst surface. Overall, the results of this study highlight the significance of tailoring the metalated ligands to develop highly efficient and stable MOF catalysts for HCO and provide an in-depth mechanistic understanding of their structure-function evolution, which is expected to facilitate the applications of nanomaterial-based processes in water purification.

The Gendered Impact of Digital Jobs Platforms: Experimental Evidence from Mozambique

Abstract This study examines the impact of digital labor-market platforms on jobs outcomes using a randomized encouragement design embedded in a longitudinal survey of Mozambican technical-vocational college graduates. We differentiate between platforms targeting formal jobs, where jobseekers direct their search, and informal tasks, where clients seek workers. Our analysis reveals statistically insignificant intent-to-treat and complier-average treatment effects for headline employment outcomes in the full sample. Notably, while the average male moderately benefits from platform usage, women do not. Rather, they are less responsive to the encouragement nudge, and female treatment compliers report higher reservation wages and lower job search. This suggests digital platforms can inadvertently perpetuate gender disparities in labor markets.

Immune Rejection Mediated by prf1 and gzmb Affects the Colonization of Fat Greenling (Hexagrammos otakii) Spermatogonia in Heterotransplantation

Fish germ cell transplantation holds great potential for conserving endangered species, improving cultured fish breeds, and exploring reproductive techniques. However, low transplantation efficiency is a common issue in heterotransplantation. This study transplanted fat greenling (Hexagrammos otakii) spermatogonia into the testes of spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) to investigate factors that might affect the colonization and fixation of heterologous transplanted germ cells. Results indicated that transplanted fat greenling spermatogonia cells were successfully detected in the early transplantation phase in spotted sea bass. Their numbers gradually decreased over time, and after 10 days post-transplantation, more than 90% of the transplanted cells underwent apoptosis. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of the testes of spotted sea bass and fat greenling spermatogonia on days 1 and 10 post-transplantation revealed that this apoptosis process involved many immune-related genes and their associated signaling pathways. Acute immune rejection marker genes prf1 and gzmb were detected in the spotted sea bass testes, while immune tolerance genes lck and zap-70 were expressed in the fat greenling spermatogonia. Additionally, differential expression of prf1 and gzmb genes was screened from spotted sea bass, with experimental evidence indicating that PRF1 and GZMB protein from spotted sea bass primarily induce apoptosis in transplanted fat greenling spermatogonia via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, at the protein level. This suggests that the difficulties in heterotransplantation are primarily related to acute immune rejection, with PRF1 and GZMB playing significant roles.

Characteristics of jet noise: A synthesis

It is a distinct privilege to produce this article to honor Professor Tam, the foremost authority on jet aeroacoustics. The fundamental characteristics of jet noise have been studied for 70 years, since the pioneering work of Lighthill in the 1950s. The acoustic analogy, with many variants, has served as the leading theory for nearly 50 years. Many leading researchers in the 1970s formulated theories to interpret the measured trends from subsonic and supersonic jets, using acoustic analogy and flow features as the framework. Quadrupoles, dipoles and monopoles were believed to constitute the sources of noise. The discovery of large-scale organized structures in free shear layers and jets sparked a different avenue of thinking about their importance for noise generation. Tam was the first to clearly demonstrate that these structures are efficient generators of noise and constitute the dominant noise sources, especially in the downstream direction. Now, two schools of thought emerged on the sources of jet noise. Experimental measurements showed that the mean flow as well as the turbulence statistics exhibit a self-similarity in the mixing layer and another similarity in the fully developed jet. Based on these observations, Tam proposed that since noise is generated by the turbulence of the jet, the noise spectra generated by fine-scale and large-scale turbulence should also exhibit self-similarity. By examining a large set of supersonic jet noise data acquired at NASA Langley, Tam offered evidence that the turbulent mixing noise of high-speed jets does consist of two independent self-similar components. In this paper, experimental evidence is compiled from an extensive database that quantifies the effect of several parameters that affect jet spectra. A new scaling method is developed and extended to noise predictions for realistic dual-stream nozzle geometries. The objectives of this paper are to serve as a synthesis of noise characteristics and to focus on application to real-world problems. Results from five different experimental measurements are examined: (1) farfield spectral characteristics; (2) azimuthal and polar correlations in the farfield; (3) correlations of jet turbulence fluctuations and farfield sound; (4) measurement of source distributions with an elliptic mirror; and (5) space-time correlation measurements in the nearfield with a cage array, and nearfield-farfield correlations. Two distinctly different trends are observed in the angular ranges of 50° – ∼120° and ∼120° – 165° for all the parameters investigated with the above five approaches. The salient observations are mutually supporting, and the cumulative weight lends credence to the proposition that there are two distinct sources of turbulent mixing noise.

Anomalous diffusion of synaptic vesicles and its influences on spontaneous and evoked neurotransmission.

Neurons in the central nervous system communicate with each other by activating billions of tiny synaptic boutons distributed along their fine axons. These presynaptic varicosities are very crowded environments, comprising hundreds of synaptic vesicles. Only a fraction of these vesicles can be recruited in a single release episode, either spontaneous or evoked by action potentials. Since the seminal work by Fatt and Katz, spontaneous release has been modelled as a memoryless process. Nevertheless, at central synapses, experimental evidence indicates more complex features, including non-exponential distributions of release intervals and power-law behaviour in their rate. To describe these features, we developed a probabilistic model of spontaneous release based on Brownian motion of synaptic vesicles in the presynaptic environment. To account for different diffusion regimes, we based our simulations on fractional Brownian motion. We show that this model can predict both deviation from the Poisson hypothesis and power-law features in experimental quantal release series, thus suggesting that the vesicular motion by diffusion could per se explain the emergence of these properties. We demonstrate the efficacy of our modelling approach using electrophysiological recordings at single synaptic boutons and ultrastructural data. When this approach was used to simulate evoked responses, we found that the replenishment of the readily releasable pool driven by Brownian motion of vesicles can reproduce the characteristic binomial release distributions seen experimentally. We believe that our modelling approach supports the idea that vesicle diffusion and readily releasable pool dynamics are crucial factors for the physiological functioning of neuronal communication. KEY POINTS: We developed a new probabilistic model of spontaneous and evoked vesicle fusion based on simple biophysical assumptions, including the motion of vesicles before they dock to the release site. We provide closed-form equations for the interval distribution of spontaneous releases in the special case of Brownian diffusion of vesicles, showing that a power-law heavy tail is generated. Fractional Brownian motion (fBm) was exploited to simulate anomalous vesicle diffusion, including directed and non-directed motion, by varying the Hurst exponent. We show that our model predicts non-linear features observed in experimental spontaneous quantal release series as well as ultrastructural data of synaptic vesicles spatial distribution. Evoked exocytosis based on a diffusion-replenished readily releasable pool might explain the emergence of power-law behaviour in neuronal activity.

Does Digital Intergroup Contact Reduce Prejudice? A Meta-Analysis.

With the ubiquity of technology in the modern life, contact between different social groups via different digital means is an everyday reality. Can such a digital intergroup contact reduce prejudice, or does it exacerbate it? In this study, we summarize the present evidence on the links between intergroup digital contact and prejudice in a variety of intergroup contexts. We meta-analyzed experimental and correlational evidence from 88 independent samples (n = 9,385). Digital intergroup contact showed a small but significant effect consistent with prejudice reduction (g = 0.25). Direct digital contact showed larger effect than indirect forms of contact, and contact via computer-mediated communication showed larger effects than contact achieved via other activities such as interacting with nonplayable characters or embodiment. The effects were similar regardless of the type of out-group targeted by prejudice. Overall, meta-analytical results suggest that digital intergroup contact may reduce prejudice.

The Role of Lysozyme in the Formation of Bioinspired Silicon Dioxide.

Several organisms are able to polycondensate tetraoxosilicic(IV) acid to form silicon (IV) dioxide using polycationic molecules. According to an earlier mechanistic proposal, these molecules undergo a phase-separation and recent experimental evidence appears to confirm this model. At the same time, polycationic proteins like lysozyme can also promote polycondensation of silicon (IV) dioxide, and they do so under conditions that are not compatible with liquid-liquid phase separation. In this manuscript we investigate this conundrum by molecular simulations. Several organisms are able to polycondensate tetraoxosilicic(IV) acid to form silicon (IV) dioxide using polycationic molecules. According to an earlier mechanistic proposal, these molecules undergo a phase-separation and recent experimental evidence appears to confirm this model. At thesame time, polycationic proteins like lysozyme can also promote polycondensation of silicon (IV) dioxide, and they doso under conditions that are not compatible with liquid-liquid phase separation. In this manuscript we investigate this conundrum by molecular simulations.

SGLT2 inhibition to target kidney aging

Abstract Anti-aging therapy is the latest frontier in the world of medical science, especially for widespread diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both renal aging and CKD are characterized by increased cellular senescence, inflammation and oxidative stress. A variety of cellular signaling mechanisms are involved in these processes, which provide new potential targets for therapeutic strategies aimed at counteracting the onset and progression of CKD. At the same time, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) continuously demonstrate large beneficial effects at all stages of the cardiorenal metabolic continuum. The broad-spectrum benefits of SGLT2is have led to changes in several treatment guidelines and to growing scientific interest in the underlying working principles. Multiple mechanisms have been studied to explain these great renal benefits, but many things remain to be solved. With this in mind, we provide an overview of the experimental evidence for the effects of SGLT2is on the molecular pathway able to modulate senescence, aging and parenchymal damage especially at the kidney level. We propose to shed some light on the role of SGLT2is in kidney care by focusing on their potential to reduce the progression of kidney disease across the spectrum of aging and dysregulation of senescence.

Does Urban Innovation Promote Rural Entrepreneurship? Quasi-Natural Experimental Evidence from Microdata on New Agricultural Subjects

Rural entrepreneurship has injected new vitality into the comprehensive realization of rural revitalization, and exploring the impact of urban innovation and development on rural entrepreneurship is of great significance in promoting the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside and achieving the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. This paper utilizes the panel data of 284 cities in China from 2005 to 2020 and adopts the multi-period double-difference method to test the effect of innovative city pilots on the entrepreneurial level of new agricultural management subjects, so as to reflect the impact of innovation policy on rural entrepreneurship. The study finds that innovative city construction significantly improves the entrepreneurship level of new agricultural business subjects and that the policy effect continues to increase over time, which is still robust after considering endogeneity issues. The above effects are mainly achieved through improving scientific and technological inputs, enhancing credit support effects, and promoting scientific and technological progress. In the heterogeneity test, innovative city construction significantly promotes the entrepreneurship level of new agricultural business subjects in both small and medium-sized cities and cities with a high level of science and education, but significantly inhibits the entrepreneurship level of new agricultural management subjects in large cities and cities with a high level of science and education. At the same time, innovative city development promotes higher levels of entrepreneurship only in agricultural cooperatives and agribusinesses, with no significant effect on family farms. This study has important policy references for accelerating innovative city construction and rural revitalization development in China in the new era.

The distribution of self-incompatibility systems in angiosperms: the relationship between mating system diversity, life span, growth habit and latitude in a changing global environment.

There is ample theoretical and experimental evidence that angiosperms harbouring self-incompatibility (SI) systems are likely to respond to global changes in unique ways relative to taxa with other mating systems. In this paper, we present an updated database on the prevalence of SI systems across angiosperms and examine the relationship between the presence of SI and latitude, biomes, life-history traits and management conditions to evaluate the potential vulnerability of SI taxa to climate change and habitat disturbance. We performed literature searches to identify studies that employed controlled crosses, microscopic analyses and/or genetic data to classify taxa as having SI, self-compatibility (SC), partial self-compatibility (PSC) or self-sterility (SS). Where described, the site of the SI reaction and the presence of dimorphic versus monomorphic flowers were also recorded. We then combined this database on the distribution of mating systems with information about the life span, growth habit, management conditions and geographic distribution of taxa. Information about the geographic distribution of taxa was obtained from a manually curated version of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility database, and from vegetation surveys encompassing 9 biomes. We employed multinomial logit regression to assess the relationship between mating system and life-history traits, management condition, latitude and latitude-squared using self-compatible taxa as the baseline. Additionally, we employed LOESS regression to examine the relationship between the probability of SI and latitude. Finally, by summarizing information at the family level, we plotted the distribution of SI systems across angiosperms including information about the presence of SI or dioecy, the inferred reaction site of the SI system when known, as well as the proportion of taxa in a family for which information is available. We obtained information about the SI status of 5686 hermaphroditic taxa, of which 55% exhibited SC, and the remaining 45% harbour SI, self-sterility (SS), or PSC. Highlights of the multinomial logit regression include that taxa with PSC have a greater odds of being short- (OR=1.3) or long- (OR=1.57) lived perennials relative to SC ones, and that SS/SI taxa (pooled) are less likely to be annuals (OR=0.64) and more likely to be long-lived perennials (OR=1.32). SS/SI taxa had a greater odds of being succulent (OR=2.4) or a tree (OR=2.05), and were less likely to be weeds (OR=0.34). Further, we find a quadratic relationship between the probability of being SI with latitude: SI taxa were more common in the tropics, a finding that was further supported by the vegetation surveys which showed fewer species with SS/SI in temperate and northern latitudes compared to mediterranean and tropical biomes. We conclude that in the short-term habitat fragmentation, pollinator loss and temperature increases may negatively impact plants with SI systems, particularly long-lived perennial and woody species dominant in tropical forests. In the longer term, these and other global changes are likely to select for self-compatible or partially self-compatible taxa which, due to the apparent importance of SI as a driver of plant diversification across the angiosperm tree of life, may globally influence plant species richness.